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Language in “Absence of War” and “Translations”


    Theatre is one of the most impactful instruments to educate and raise awareness among people. Morgan touches upon theatre’s educative aspect and states that “ancient theatre provides ample material for theorists interested in theatre as a tool of civic education in democracies, especially in terms of the way ancient virtues were reflected in and promoted through performance;”(p.5 Morgan) Although Morgan precisely contemplates on ancient theatre here, it is evident that theatre throughout its unique journey, is heavily used for educational purposes. The fundamental reason that acquires theatre with such a prominent aspect (the ability to educate people) eminently relies on its tendency to accommodate human experience and memory in its core. The majority of playwrights shape their plays in a way that they convey the intended messages through the performance of the actors or the plot or even the lightning. Postmodern theater, on the other hand, controls the performance, the plot, and the environment in a way that even the absence of such instruments carries utmost importance. With postmodern theatre’s unique style human experience and memory become more pronounced because the postmodern theatre obliges the audience to be participative in understanding the whole picture. In other words, the absence or distorted states of plot or performance leave the interpretation to the reader enforcing the plays’ to be more relatable by directly stimulating the individuals’ experience and memory. In David Hare’s “The Absence of War” the plot centralizing the British election happened 1992 beckons the audience to understand the competitive and cruel nature of politics. In Brian Friel’s “Translations” the play allows the reader to take a glimpse at the attiring impact of British colonizers and how language and communication play a huge role in it. In this essay, I shall argue that the common standpoint on which both plays rely is how language and communication reflect the individual’s identity and how they shape the inner and outer spheres of the characters

     Hare’s “Absence of War” sheds a light on the corruptive nature of politics regardless of how pure and pristine the core of the doctrine is. The characterization of George holds an important part in displaying the change induced by inherently competitive and hence spoiling humor of the political sphere. To be precise, the play raises the question of whether corruption is an offspring of the politics’ competitive atmosphere, or they, meaning, competition and corruption coexist and reinforce each other. This dilemma’s importance becomes more prominent when George’s characterization is perused. George reflects on his ideology behind his political goal and states that “Our master is justice. And not two people agree on what that is. We always have this dilemma. Justice has no organizations. It has no schools. It did have once. They were called unions. But the communities that produced them have gone” (p.17) George’s speech unveils how rhetorically skilled he is but more importantly, it unveils that he regards his cause to be just and pristine. Nevertheless, later on in the play, he admits that “the job is inherently undignified” (p.39) which questions his standpoint against the allegedly unjust structure of the society. George’s public, private spheres impair his political sphere and as a result, Malcolm says “George is the man who made victory possible. But unless we do something quickly, he’s the only thing standing in victory’s way” (p.34). Here we see the primitively competitive nature of politics. But it also reveals George’s hypocrisy mainly relies upon its pillars to the modern society’s inquisitive nature toward politicians meaning separating two spheres raises a problem. Morgan on the subject of separation of public and private life states that “The present tendency to compartmentalize aspects of the human experience is a deeply rooted result of the liberal “art of separation,” (p.2 Morgan) our successful legal division of public life from private life”. Morgan’s meditation on it enlightens the reason for George’s unstable character. However, the blame cannot be thrown at George. The oppressive and competitive structure of politics forces the characters to show different identities according to the atmosphere. We as the audience get to observe their inner and outer selves through their languages that carry a trace of all their collective identities.

     Friel’s “Translations” focuses on colonizer’s impact on language and communication for both the colonizer and the colonized and reveals that communication and language despite the language barrier can shed a light on the character’s identity. Yolland who is a British lieutenant falls in love with Maire. They cannot communicate because of the language barrier they are subjected to. The ironic image here alludes that understanding each other does not necessarily occur through communication. Yolland utters “I love the sound of your speech” (p.50).  Here the emphasis should be on “sound” suggesting that understanding and appreciating each other does not necessarily stem from the language itself but the communication that can even occur without coherent words. More importantly, however, the innocent love two characters are subjected to is an utterly detrimental instrument in colonizing another identity. Yolland as Maire speaks English exaggeratedly praises her indicating his desire to construct a closer connection but implicitly Yolland establishes his superiority over her. To be precise, the influence of love encourages Marie to learn English (which she already desires yet the influence of love enflames her desire). Learning a language is a very attiring impact on colonizers. Simply put, language carries significant marks of culture and identity, and learning a different language can change one’s identity. In the play, we observe such a change in both characters showing how powerful language when it comes to shaping or reflecting one’s identity.

    In conclusion, both plays show us the importance of communication and language. They both carry and convey messages that can be interpreted deeply and hence can be related to a variety of topics. One of the prominent topics is corruption that can occur not due to the inherently evil characters but precisely because of the uncontrollable and inevitable environment. “Absence of War” shows us the cruel and competitive side of politics whereas “Translations” show us the colonization's unavoidable aspect. Ultimately, in both plays language plays a huge role in conveying the intended message through its character’s performance. In “Absence of War” the language changes and through that change the difference between the private and public sphere becomes evident showing the character’s attempt to reflect their different identities accordingly.

Morgan, M. (2016). Politics and theatre in twentieth-century Europe: Imagination and resistance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Brannigan, John, and Tony Corbett. "Translations" Brian Friel. Longman, 2004.

Hare, David. The Absence of War. Faber & Faber, 2015.


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